Marine VHF Radio: The Basics
A VHF Marine Radio is an essential piece of equipment in coastal waters. It allows instant communication between your boat and other boats, marinas, bridges, and the USCG.
Browse VHFWhat is a Marine VHF Radio?
Although not required in recreational boats under 65.6 feet long, a VHF Marine Radio is an essential piece of equipment in coastal waters. It allows instant communication between your boat and other boats, marinas, bridges, and the United States Coast Guard. It is the primary means of communication on the water and has many characteristics which make it preferable to a cell phone, CB Radio, or other means of communication. Most VHF Marine Radios also have instant access to NOAA weather forecasts, 24 hours a day.
Do I need a license?
If you are a recreational boater traveling within the United States, you do not need a license for a VHF Marine Radio.
If I have a radio do I have to listen to it all the time?
If you have the radio on, you must maintain a watch on VHF channel 9 or 16. In CG District I waters (northern New Jersey to Canada), urgent marine information broadcasts, such as storm warnings, are announced on channel 9. (NOTE: Instructions on this page are based on Coast Guard District I in which channel 9 is the designated calling channel.)
How do I operate it?
Make sure you are on the correct channel.
Adjust the Squelch control as low as possible without hearing static or white noise.
Push the button on the microphone to transmit (send). Speak in a normal voice.
Take your finger OFF the button to hear the other person.
Which channels may I use?
Channel 9: The primary calling channel. (Establish contact on this channel and move to a working channel as soon as possible.)
Channel 16: Emergency and Distress calls only.
Channel 22A: Restricted to Coast Guard use only. If you establish contact with the Coast Guard on 9 or 16, they may ask you to switch to 22A. You may also hear an announcement on channel 9 to switch to 22A for important information.
Channel 13: Communication with bridges - both bridges that must open in order for you to fit under them and the bridges of large vessels. This is a good channel to listen to in periods of poor visibility so that you can communicate with ferries, freighters, and other large vessels. (You must use the low power on your radio when broadcasting on Channel 13.)
Channels 68, 69, 71, 72, 78A: Working Channels. The only channels available to non-commercial vessels for ship-to-ship and ship-to-shore communications. (Although you may have many other channels on your radio, each of them is restricted to specific uses.)
How do I use it?
The standard procedure for a non-emergency call such as calling another vessel, marina, or restaurant to ask where to tie up for dinner, is as follows.
Call the vessel, marina, or restaurant on channel 9 in the following manner.
Name of station being called, spoken three times.
The words THIS IS, spoken once.
Name of your vessel spoken once.
The word OVER.
Then you wait for the station being called to answer. Their answer should be in the same manner as your call.
Once answered you should suggest a specific working channel to carry on your conversation.
The word OVER
Wait for a reply or confirmation from the station being called, switch to the working channel, and repeat the process.
An example might be:
- Calling Station: Sailfish Marina, Sailfish Marina, Sailfish Marina, THIS IS the motor vessel Magical Lady. OVER.
- Responding Station: Magical Lady, Magical Lady, Magical Lady, THIS IS Sailfish Marina. OVER.
- Calling Station: Please switch and listen to channel 68. OVER.
- Responding Station: Switching channel 68, OVER.
You would then switch to channel 68 and call Sailfish Marina using the same procedure and conduct your business. All conversations whether on a hailing channel or a working channel should be kept short and to the point.
What about in an emergency situation like MAYDAY! MAYDAY! MAYDAY!?
MAYDAY is to be used ONLY in an emergency in which the boat and/or persons on board are in imminent danger of sinking or major injury or death. You may only have seconds to send a distress call. Here's what you do. Transmit in this order:
Tune your radio to Channel 16.
Distress signal MAYDAY, spoken three times.
The words THIS IS, spoken once.
Name of vessel in distress (spoken three times).
Repeat MAYDAY and the name of the vessel, spoken once.
Give the position of the vessel by latitude or longitude or by bearing (true or magnetic, state which) and distance to a well-known landmark such as a navigational aid or small island, or in any terms which will assist a responding station in locating the vessel in distress. Include any information on vessel movement such as course, speed, and destination.
Nature of distress (sinking, fire, etc.).
Kind of assistance desired.
Number of persons onboard.
Any other information which might facilitate rescue, such as length or tonnage of vessel, number of persons needing medical attention, color hull, cabin, masks, etc.
The word OVER
Stay by the radio if possible. Even after the message has been received, the Coast Guard can find you more quickly if you can transmit a signal on which a rescue boat or aircraft can home in.
An example of a MAYDAY call:
MAYDAY-MAYDAY-MAYDAY This Is Blue Duck-Blue Duck-Blue Duck-Mayday-Blue Duck- Cape Henry Light Bears 185 Degrees Magnetic-Distance 2 Miles Struck Submerged Object Need Pumps-Medical Assistance And Tow Three Adults, Two Children Onboard One Person Compound Fracture Of Arm Estimate Can Remain Afloat Two Hours Blue Duck Is Thirty-Two Foot Cabin Cruiser-White Hull-Blue Deck House OVER
Repeat at intervals until an answer is received.
- For a potentially dangerous situation, which may or may not end up in a MAYDAY, use PAN, PAN, PAN (which is pronounced, PAHN, PAHN, PAHN or PON, PON, PON).
For important announcements that you want others to pay attention to, say SECURITAY (the French pronunciation of Security).
Digital Selective Calling (DSC)
All new radios, and some older ones, have DSC. When you hit the DSC button the radio will automatically broadcast a signal to other DSC-equipped machines on VHF channel 70. (Read your manual for specific features your radio may have, including an automatic MAYDAY call which includes your position.)
What do you do if you hear a distress call?
If you hear a distress message from a vessel and it is not answered, then you must answer. If you are reasonably sure that the distressed vessel is not in your vicinity, you should wait a short time for others to acknowledge.
How do I know if there are storm warnings?
The Coast Guard announces storm warnings and other urgent marine information broadcasts on VHF channel 9 before making the broadcasts on VHF channel 22A. (Most VHFs also include the weather channels.)
Recommendations and Warnings
Turn your radio on and listen for a while to hear how other people use it.
Always listen before you transmit to make sure you are not stepping on someone.
Use plain English on the VHF. Do not use codes or CB talk.
Foul language and false distress signals are illegal. You can be prosecuted for either.
Limit your conversations to 5 minutes or less. There may be other people who want to use the channel.
Remember that everything you say can be heard by anyone who has a VHF radio.
If you're speaking to someone who is within a few miles from you, try the LOW POWER button on your radio.